GANGGUAN NEUROPATI AKIBAT PENYELAMAN (NEUROPATHIC DISORDER AFTER UNDERWATER DIVING)
Abstract
Indonesia memiliki ribuan pulau. Hal ini berdampak pada meningkatnya kegiatan penyelaman bawah laut. Penyelaman yang tidak sesuai prosedur dapat menimbulkan gangguan kesehatan berupa penyakit dekompresi yang salah satunya mengakibatkan neuropati. Emboli gas nitrogen menimbulkan respons inflamasi sistemik yang dapat memicu kerusakan pada saraf perifer. Faktor risiko gangguan dekompresi antara lain kurang pengalaman dalam menyelam, melakukan penyelaman berulang kali dalam waktu yang sama, tidak mematuhi prinsip-prinsip penyelaman dan sering kali melakukan yo-yo diving. Gangguan saraf perifer yang dapat terjadi berupa sindroma terowongan carpal, neuropati nervus peroneus, neuropati nervus ulnaris, mononeuritis multiplex. Pemeriksaan elektrodiagnostik menunjukkan adanya demielinisasi yang ditandai dengan peningkatan kecepatan hantar saraf. Pemberian terapi hiperbarik oksigen sesuai standar Angkatan Laut Amerika (United State Navy Treatment) menjadi standar dalam pengobatan penyakit dekompresi disertai dengan pemberian terapi simptomatik dapat memperbaiki gejala gangguan saraf tepi.
Kata kunci: dekompresi, emboli gas nitrogen, neuropati, penyelaman, saraf perifer
References
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14. Sander HW. Mononeuropathy of the medial branch of the deep peroneal nerve in a scuba diver. J Peripher Nerv Syst. 1999;4(2):134–7.
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21. US Navy Departement. U.S. Navy Diving Manual Revision 6 Distribution Statement [Internet]. 2008. Available from: www.supsalv.org
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25. Tan VH, Chin K, Kumar A, Chng J, Soh CRSR. Treatment preferences for decompression illness amongst Singapore dive physicians. Diving Hyperb Med. 2017 Jun;47(2):118–22. Doi: 10.28920/dhm47.2.118-122.
26. Moon RE. Hyperbaric oxygen treatment for decompression sickness. Undersea Hyperb Med. 2014;41(2):151–7.
27. Wayan Dewi N, Diah Sutanegara KP, Praramdana MN, Al Kasiron R, Aditya Zulkarnaen D. Decompression Sickness Type 1 in Traditional Fishermen: A Literature Review. Biocity Journal of Pharmacy Bioscience and Clinical Community. 2023;1(2):81–8. Doi: https://doi.org/10.30812/biocity.v1i2.2523
28. Watemberg N, Amsel S, Sadeh M, Lerman-Sagie T. Common peroneal neuropathy due to surfing. J Child Neurol. 2000 Jun;15(6):420–1. Doi: 10.1177/088307380001500613.
2. Embuai Y, Denny HM, Setyaningsih Y. Analisis Faktor Individu, Pekerjaan dan Perilaku K3 pada Kejadian Penyakit Dekompresi pada Nelayan Penyelam Tradisional di Ambon. Jurnal Penelitian Kesehatan ‘SUARA FORIKES’ (Journal of Health Research ‘Forikes Voice’). 2019 Nov 11;11(1):6. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.33846/sf11102
3. Garland MM, Gutierrez A, Barratt DM. Peripheral neuropathy of the extremity after hyperbaric exposure. Aviat Space Environ Med. 2012 Aug;83(8):805–8.
4. Butler FK, Pinto C V. Progressive ulnar palsy as a late complication of decompression sickness. Ann Emerg Med. 1986 Jun;15(6):738–41. Doi: 10.1016/s0196-0644(86)80439-5
5. Isakov AP, Broome JR, Dutka AJ. Acute carpal tunnel syndrome in a diver: evidence of peripheral nervous system involvement in decompression illness. Ann Emerg Med. 1996 Jul;28(1):90–3. Doi: 10.1016/s0196-0644(96)70143-9.
6. Uppal H, Jayatunga U. Decompression illness type II with stroke: Challenging situation in acute neurorehabilitation. Int Marit Health. 2020;71(2):105–8. Doi: 10.5603/IMH.2020.0019.
7. Fitriasari E, Sri Dewi Untari NK, Annisa Fitra N. Risk Factors for Decompression Sickness. Jurnal Multidisiplin Indonesia. 2024 Mar 4;3(2):3806–18. Doi: https://doi.org/10.58344/jmi.v3i2.1095
8. Hisnindarsyah, Usemahu, Mainase. Respon Pasien dengan Dcompression Sickness Tipe I Terhadap Pemberian Terapi Oksigen Hiperbarik di RSAL DR.F.X Suhardjo. Molucca Medica. 2018;11.
9. Tyastara IGM, Mutiarayani D, Utami FY, Sungkar H, Rizkika LH, Nazhifah N, et al. Caisson Disease among Recreational Divers: Review Literature. Green Medical Journal. 2022 Dec 28;4(3):93–9.
10. Garland MM, Gutierrez A, Barratt DM. Peripheral neuropathy of the extremity after hyperbaric exposure. Aviat Space Environ Med. 2012 Aug;83(8):805–8.
11. Rosińska J, Łukasik M, Kozubski W. Neurological complications of underwater diving. Vol. 49, Neurologia i Neurochirurgia Polska. Urban and Partner; 2015. p. 45–51. Doi: 10.1016/j.pjnns.2014.11.004.
12. Massey EW, Moon RE. Neurology and diving. In: Handbook of Clinical Neurology. Elsevier B.V.; 2014. p. 959–69.
13. Elias WJ, Pouratian N, Oskouian RJ, Schirmer B, Burns T. Peroneal neuropathy following successful bariatric surgery. Case report and review of the literature. J Neurosurg. 2006 Oct;105(4):631–5. Doi: 10.3171/jns.2006.105.4.631.
14. Sander HW. Mononeuropathy of the medial branch of the deep peroneal nerve in a scuba diver. J Peripher Nerv Syst. 1999;4(2):134–7.
15. Sander HW. Mononeuropathy of the medial branch of the deep peroneal nerve in a scuba diver. J Peripher Nerv Syst. 1999;4(2):134–7. 16. Muth CM, Radermacher P. Urgences hyperbares et maladie de décompression. Reanimation. 2015 Sep 1;24(5):551–6.
17. Broome JR, Dick EJ. Neurological decompression illness in swine. Aviat Space Environ Med. 1996;67(3).
18. Newton HB, Padilla W, Burkart J, Pearl DK. Neurological manifestations of decompression illness in recreational divers-the Cozumel experience. Undersea and Hyperbaric Medicine. 2007;34(5).
19. Vann RD, Butler FK, Mitchell SJ, Moon RE. Decompression illness. Lancet. 2011 Jan 8;377(9760):153–64. Doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)61085-9.
20. Freiberger JJ, Lyman SJ, Denoble PJ, Pieper CF, Vann RD. Consensus factors used by experts in the diagnosis of decompression illness. Aviat Space Environ Med. 2004 Dec;75(12):1023–8.
21. US Navy Departement. U.S. Navy Diving Manual Revision 6 Distribution Statement [Internet]. 2008. Available from: www.supsalv.org
22. Cooper JS, Hanson KC. Decompression Sickness. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024.
23. Mitchell SJ, Bennett MH, Bryson P, Butler FK, Doolette DJ, Holm JR, et al. Consensus guideline: Pre-hospital management of decompression illness: Expert review of key principles and controversies. Undersea and Hyperbaric Medicine. 2018;45(3).
24. Bennett MH, Lehm JP, Mitchell SJ, Wasiak J. Recompression and adjunctive therapy for decompression illness. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2012 May 16;2018(12). Doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD005277.pub3.
25. Tan VH, Chin K, Kumar A, Chng J, Soh CRSR. Treatment preferences for decompression illness amongst Singapore dive physicians. Diving Hyperb Med. 2017 Jun;47(2):118–22. Doi: 10.28920/dhm47.2.118-122.
26. Moon RE. Hyperbaric oxygen treatment for decompression sickness. Undersea Hyperb Med. 2014;41(2):151–7.
27. Wayan Dewi N, Diah Sutanegara KP, Praramdana MN, Al Kasiron R, Aditya Zulkarnaen D. Decompression Sickness Type 1 in Traditional Fishermen: A Literature Review. Biocity Journal of Pharmacy Bioscience and Clinical Community. 2023;1(2):81–8. Doi: https://doi.org/10.30812/biocity.v1i2.2523
28. Watemberg N, Amsel S, Sadeh M, Lerman-Sagie T. Common peroneal neuropathy due to surfing. J Child Neurol. 2000 Jun;15(6):420–1. Doi: 10.1177/088307380001500613.
Published
2025-06-30
How to Cite
HUNAIFI, Ilsa et al.
GANGGUAN NEUROPATI AKIBAT PENYELAMAN (NEUROPATHIC DISORDER AFTER UNDERWATER DIVING).
Medika Kartika : Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan, [S.l.], v. 8, n. 2, p. 198-208, june 2025.
ISSN 2655-6537.
Available at: <http://medikakartika.unjani.ac.id/medikakartika/index.php/mk/article/view/979>. Date accessed: 19 july 2025.
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