THE CORRELATION BETWEEN BURNOUT SYNDROME AND TENSION-TYPE HEADACHE IN NURSES AT THE ROEMANI MUHAMMADIYAH HOSPITAL SEMARANG
Abstract
Tension-type headache (TTH) is the most common form of primary headache in the general population, with a one-year prevalence ranging from 38 to 78%. The most common triggers for TTH are stress and emotional conflict. Nurses are among the workers exposed to high work stressors, placing them at risk of developing TTH, which is often triggered by chronic occupational stress known as burnout syndrome. This study aims to determine the correlation between burnout syndrome and tension-type headaches in nurses. This research employed an observational cross-sectional design conducted on 87 nurses at Roemani Muhammadiyah Hospital in Semarang, using proportional random sampling. The research instruments included a tension-type headache questionnaire and the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). The statistical test used is the chi-square test. Among the 87 respondents, mild burnout syndrome was present in 64.4%, moderate burnout syndrome in 24.1%, and severe burnout syndrome in 11.5%. Respondents reporting tension-type headache constituted 26.4%, compared to 73.6% without this condition. The majority of respondents with severe burnout syndrome also experienced tension-type headaches (70%). There was a significant correlation between burnout syndrome and tension-type headaches among nurses at Roemani Muhammadiyah Hospital, Semarang, with a p-value of less than 0.005.
Keywords: burnout syndrome, headache, tension-type headache
References
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20. Putri LAZ, Zulkaida A, Rosmasuri PA. Perbedaan Burnout pada Karyawan Ditinjau dari Masa Kerja. J Psikol. 2019;12(2):157–68.
21. Surya PAAS, Adiputra IN. Hubungan antara Masa Kerja dengan Burnout pada Perawat di Ruang Rawat Inap Anak RSUP Sanglah. J Med Udayana [Internet]. 2017;6(4):10–9. Available from: https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/eum/article/view/29321
22. El-Sherbiny NA, Masoud M, Shalaby NM, Shehata HS. Prevalence of primary headache disorders in Fayoum Governorate, Egypt. J Headache Pain [Internet]. 2015;16(1):1–8. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s10194-015-0569-6
23. Chen YH, Lou SZ, Yang CW, Tang HM, Lee CH, Jong GP. Effect of Marriage on Burnout among Healthcare Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(23).
24. Nurul H, Parningotan YS, Taihuttu YM. Korelasi Tingkat Kecemasan dengan Tension Type Headache. Molucca Medica. 2018;11(2):1–10.
25. Cathcart S, Bhullar N, Immink M, Vedova C Della, Hayball J. Pain sensitivity mediates the relationship between stress and headache intensity in chronic tension-type headache. Pain Res Manag. 2012;17(6):377–80.
26. Panigrahi A, Behera BK, Sarma NN. Prevalence, Pattern, and Associated Psychosocial Factors of Headache Among Undergraduate Students of Health Profession. Clin Epidemiol Glob Health [Internet]. 2019;8(2):365–70. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cegh.2019.09.004
27. Susanti R. Potential Gender Differences in Pathophysiology of Migraine and Tension Type Headache. Hum Care J. 2020;5(2):539. Available from: https://doi.org/10.32883/hcj.v5i2.749
2. Muthmainnina AN, Kurniawan SN. Tension Type Headache (TTH). J Pain Headache Vertigo. 2022;3:83–8. Available from: https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jphv.2022.003.02.3
3. Lambru G, Lanteri-Minet M. Neuromodulation in Headache and Facial Pain Management : Principles, Rationale and Clinical Data. Martelletti, editor. Cham: Springer; 2020. Available from: https://doi.org/ 10.1007/978-3-030-14121-9
4. Roos C. Tension Type Headache. Rev du Rhum Monogr. 2021;88(4):324–8. Available from: https://doi.org/10.24843/MIFI.2023.v11.i03.p05
5. Bhoi S, Jha M, Chowdhury D. Advances in the Understanding of Pathophysiology of TTH and its Management. Neurol India. 2021;69(7):116–23. Available from: https://doi.org/10.4103/0028-3886.315986
6. Olesen J. Headache Classification Committee of the International Headache Society (IHS) The International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition. Cephalalgia. 2018;38(1):1–211. Available from: https://doi.org/: 10.1177/0333102417738202
7. de la Cruz SP, Cebrino J, Herruzo J, Vaquero-Abellán M. A Multicenter Study Into Burnout, Perceived Stress, Job Satisfaction, Coping Strategies, and General Health Among Emergency Department Nursing Staff. J Clin Med. 2020;9(4). Available from: https://doi.org/ 10.3390/jcm9041007
8. Xie W, Li R, He M, Cui F, Sun T, Xiong J, et al. Prevalence and risk factors associated with headache amongst medical staff in South China. J Headache Pain. 2020;21(1). Available from: https://doi.org/ 10.1186/s10194-020-1075-z
9. Woo T, Ho R, Tang A, Tam W. Global Prevalence of Burnout Symptoms Among Nurses: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Psychiatr Res. 2019;123(2020):9–20. Available from:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2019.12.015
10. Agarwal SD, Pabo E, Rozenblum R, Sherritt KM. Professional Dissonance and Burnout in Primary Care: A Qualitative Study. JAMA Intern Med. 2020;180(3):395–401. Available from: https://doi.org/ 10.1001/jamainternmed.2019.6326
11. Salem EA, Ebrahem SM. Psychosocial work environment and oxidative stress among nurses’. J Occup Health. 2018;60(2):182–91. Available from: https://doi.org/ 10.1539/joh.17-0186-OA
12. Salyers MP, Bonfils KA, Luther L, Firmin RL, White DA, Adams EL, et al. The Relationship Between Professional Burnout and Quality and Safety in Healthcare: A Meta-Analysis. J Gen Intern Med. 2017;32(4):475–82. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-016-3886-9
13.Malmberg-Ceder K, Haanpää M, Korhonen PE, Kautiainen H, Veromaa V, Soinila S. The Role of Psychosocial Risk Factors in The Burden of Headache. J Pain Res. 2019;12:1733–41. Available from: https://doi.org/10.2147/JPR.S16523
14. Ong JJY, Bharatendu C, Goh Y, Tang JZY, Sooi KWX, Tan YL, et al. Headaches Associated With Personal Protective Equipment – A Cross-Sectional Study Among Frontline Healthcare Workers During COVID-19. Headache. 2020;60(5):864–77. Available from: https://doi.org/ 10.1111/head.13811
15. Budianto P, Putra SE, Hafizhan M, Tyas FNI, Febrianty AF, Prabaningtyas HR, et al. Relationship between Tension-Type Headache and Quality of Sleep, Excessive Daytime Sleepiness, and Fatigue Syndrome among Healthcare Workers during COVID-19. Glob Med Heal Commun. 2021;9(3):185–92. Available from: https://doi.org/10.29313/gmhc.v9i3.8530
16. Galanis P, Vraka I, Fragkou D, Bilali A, Kaitelidou D. Nurses’ burnout and associated risk factors during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Adv Nurs. 2021;77(8):3286–302. Available from:https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.14839
17. Marchand A, Blanc ME, Beauregard N. Do Age and Gender Contribute to Workers’ Burnout Symptoms? Occup Med (Chic Ill). 2018;68(6):405–11. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqy088
18. Dharmawita D, Dalfian D, Lestari AD. Analisis Hubungan Stres dengan Nyeri Kepala Primer pada Mahasiswa Program Studi Kedokteran Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Malahayati Tahun 2020. MAHESA Malahayati Heal Student J. 2021;1(3):215–21.
19. Chen X, Gianferante D, Hanlin L, Fiksdal A, Breines JG, Thoma M V., et al. HPA-axis and inflammatory reactivity to acute stress is related with basal HPA-axis activity. Psychoneuroendocrinology [Internet]. 2017;78:168–76. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2017.01.035
20. Putri LAZ, Zulkaida A, Rosmasuri PA. Perbedaan Burnout pada Karyawan Ditinjau dari Masa Kerja. J Psikol. 2019;12(2):157–68.
21. Surya PAAS, Adiputra IN. Hubungan antara Masa Kerja dengan Burnout pada Perawat di Ruang Rawat Inap Anak RSUP Sanglah. J Med Udayana [Internet]. 2017;6(4):10–9. Available from: https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/eum/article/view/29321
22. El-Sherbiny NA, Masoud M, Shalaby NM, Shehata HS. Prevalence of primary headache disorders in Fayoum Governorate, Egypt. J Headache Pain [Internet]. 2015;16(1):1–8. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s10194-015-0569-6
23. Chen YH, Lou SZ, Yang CW, Tang HM, Lee CH, Jong GP. Effect of Marriage on Burnout among Healthcare Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(23).
24. Nurul H, Parningotan YS, Taihuttu YM. Korelasi Tingkat Kecemasan dengan Tension Type Headache. Molucca Medica. 2018;11(2):1–10.
25. Cathcart S, Bhullar N, Immink M, Vedova C Della, Hayball J. Pain sensitivity mediates the relationship between stress and headache intensity in chronic tension-type headache. Pain Res Manag. 2012;17(6):377–80.
26. Panigrahi A, Behera BK, Sarma NN. Prevalence, Pattern, and Associated Psychosocial Factors of Headache Among Undergraduate Students of Health Profession. Clin Epidemiol Glob Health [Internet]. 2019;8(2):365–70. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cegh.2019.09.004
27. Susanti R. Potential Gender Differences in Pathophysiology of Migraine and Tension Type Headache. Hum Care J. 2020;5(2):539. Available from: https://doi.org/10.32883/hcj.v5i2.749
Published
2025-12-31
How to Cite
ZAFIRAH, Adela; PRIHATIN, Murwani Yekti; SETIAWAN, Muhammad Riza.
THE CORRELATION BETWEEN BURNOUT SYNDROME AND TENSION-TYPE HEADACHE IN NURSES AT THE ROEMANI MUHAMMADIYAH HOSPITAL SEMARANG.
Medika Kartika : Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan, [S.l.], v. 8, n. 4, p. 355-365, dec. 2025.
ISSN 2655-6537.
Available at: <http://medikakartika.unjani.ac.id/medikakartika/index.php/mk/article/view/777>. Date accessed: 07 jan. 2026.
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