KORELASI KADAR GLUKOSA DARAH SEWAKTU DENGAN OBESITAS SENTRAL: STUDI CROSS-SECTIONAL
Abstract
Obesitas sentral adalah jenis obesitas yang sering terjadi. Obesitas sentral merujuk pada penumpukan lemak di bagian abdomen yang menyebabkan lingkar pinggang menjadi membesar. Kutai Kartanegara adalah salah satu kota penyumbang kejadian obesitas sentral yang tergolong tinggi. Obesitas sentral dapat menjadi faktor risiko dari berbagai macam masalah kesehatan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui korelasi kadar glukosa darah sewaktu (GDS) dengan obesitas sentral. Penelitian dilakukan di Desa Loa Raya, Kutai Kartanegara pada 2 April-20 Agustus 2022 secara cross-sectional. Subjek penelitian ini ditentukan menggunakan voluntary response sampling. Pemeriksaan GDS dilakukan secara point of care testing (POCT). Uji Mann-Whitney dan uji korelasi Spearman Rank dengan tingkat kepercayaan 95% digunakan penelitian ini. Sebanyak 70 orang terlibat sebagai subjek penelitian. Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan adanya asosiasi yang signifikan antara jenis kelamin dan usia dengan obesitas sentral (p=0,002 dan p=0,028), sedangkan pada tingkat pendidikan dan pekerjaan tidak berasosiasi secara signifikan pada kejadian obesitas sentral (p=0,141 dan p=0,350). Selain itu, didapatkan juga adanya korelasi yang siginifikan antara kadar GDS dengan ukuran lingkar pinggang (p=0,018). Penelitian ini berkesimpulan bahwa terdapat korelasi signifikan antara kadar GDS dengan obesitas sentral. Jenis kelamin dan usia berasosiasi secara signifikan pada kejadian obesitas sentral.
Kata kunci : glukosa darah sewaktu, lingkar pinggang, obesitas sentral
References
Nutali WO, Tasnim, Sunarsih. Hubungan Asupan Karbohidrat dan Lemak dengan Obesitas Sentral pada Karyawan Instansi di Kota Kendari. J Gizi Ilm. 2018;5(1):52-57.
Romieu I, Dossus L, Barquera S, et al. Energy Balance and Obesity: What are the Main Drivers? Cancer Causes Control. 2017;28(3):248-255.
Rahma G, Gusrianti. Hubungan Obesitas Sentral dengan Hipertensi pada Penduduk Usia 25-65 Tahun. J Ilmu Kesehat. 2019;3(2):120-121.
Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia (Kemkes RI). Laporan Nasional Riskesdas 2018. Kemkes RI [update 2019; sitasi 22 Feb 2023]. Available from http://www.yankes.kemkes.go.id/assets/downloads/PMK No. 57 Tahun 2013 tentang PTRM.pdf.
Flores-Dorantes MT, Díaz-López YE, Gutiérrez-Aguilar R. Environment and Gene Association with Obesity and Their Impact on Neurodegenerative and Neurodevelopmental Diseases. Front Neurosci. 2020;14:863.
Lee A, Cardel M, Donahoo WT. Social and Environmental Factors Influencing Obesity. Endotext [update 2019; sitasi 22 Feb 2023]. Available from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK278977/.
Puspitasari N. Kejadian Obesitas Sentral pada Usia Dewasa. HIGEIA. 2018;2(2):252-258.
Octararine SW, Mahmudiono T. Apakah Kebiasaan Makan Berhubungan dengan Overweight/Obesitas pada Wanita Dewasa Indonesia? Berdasarkan Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS) 5 Tahun 2014. Media Gizi Kesmas. 2022;11(1):176-178.
Golzarand M, Toolabi K, Delfan SE, Mirmiran P. The Effect of Brown Rice Compared to White Rice on Adiposity Indices, Lipid Profile, and Glycemic Markers: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2022;62(27):7395-7410.
Maligan JM, Pratiwi DD, Widyaningsih TD. Studi Preferensi Konsumen terhadap Nasi Putih dan Nasi Jagung Putih pada Pekerja Wanita di Kantor Pemerintah Kota Malang Jaya. Indones J Hum Nutr. 2019;6(1):44-50.
Kolahdouzan M, Khosravi-Boroujeni H, Nikkar B, et al. The Association between Dietary Intake of White Rice and Central Obesity in Obese Adults. ARYA Atheroscler. 2013;9(2):141-143.
Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia (Kemkes RI). Laporan Provinsi Kalimantan Timur Riskesdas 2018. Kemkes RI [update 2019; sitasi 22 Feb 2023]. Available from https://ejournal2.litbang.kemkes.go.id/index.php/lpb/article/view/3760.
Putri RD, Utami KD, Reski S. Correlation between Carbohydrate Consumption Level, Physical Activity and Quality of Sleep with Current Blood Glucose Levels in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus at Puskesmas Rapak Mahang Tenggarong. Formosa J Sci Technol. 2022;1(7):870-875.
Primashanti DAD, Sidiartha IGL. Perbandingan Asupan Energi, Karbohidrat, Protein dan Lemak dengan Angka Kecukupan Gizi pada Anak Obesitas. Medicina (B Aires). 2018;49(2):174-177.
Khairani N, Effendi SU, Utamy LW. Aktivitas Fisik dan Kejadian Obesitas Sentral pada Wanita Tanah Patah Kota Bengkulu. Chmk Nurs Sci J. 2018;2(1):14-16.
Statology. What is a Voluntary Response Sample? (Definition & Example). Statology [update 2021; sitasi 24 Feb 2023]. Available from https://www.statology.org/voluntary-response-sample/.
Social Security Administration (SSA). Physical Exertion Requirements. SSA [update 2023; sitasi 24 Feb 2023]. Available from https://www.ssa.gov/OP_Home/cfr20/404/404-1567.htm#:~:text=Medium work involves lifting no,(d) Heavy work.
Kementrian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia (Kemkes RI). Yuk, Cari Tahu Berapa Indeks Massa Tubuh Anda. Kemkes RI [update 2021; sitasi 24 Feb 2023]. Available from https://p2ptm.kemkes.go.id/infographic-p2ptm/penyakit-diabetes-melitus/page/3/yuk-cari-tahu-berapa-indeks-massa-tubuh-anda.
Putri RN, Nugraheni SA, Pradigdo SF. Faktor-Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Kejadian Obesitas Sentral pada Remaja Usia 15-18 Tahun di Provinsi DKI Jakarta (Analisis Riskesdas 2018). Media Kesehat Masy Indones. 2022;21(3):172-176.
Lubis MY, Hermawan D, Febriani U, Farich A. Hubungan antara Faktor Keturunan, Jenis Kelamin dan Tingkat Sosial Ekonomi Orang Tua dengan Kejadian Obesitas pada Mahasiswa di Universitas Malahayati. J Hum Care. 2020;5(4):893-898.
Prasad DS, Kabir Z, Devi KR, Peter PS, Das BC. Gender differences in Central Obesity: Implications for Cardiometabolic Health in South Asians. Indian Heart J. 2020;72:202-204.
Chang E, Varghese M, Singer K. Gender and Sex Differences in Adipose Tissue. Curr Diab Rep. 2018;18(9):2-8.
Gavin KM, Bessesen DH. Sex Differences in Adipose Tissue Function. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2020;49(2):216-224.
Hetemäki N, Mikkola TS, Tikkanen MJ, et al. Adipose Tissue Estrogen Production and Metabolism in Premenopausal Women. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2021;209:3-5.
De Paoli M, Zakharia A, Werstuck GH. The Role of Estrogen in Insulin Resistance: A Review of Clinical and Preclinical Data. Am J Pathol. 2021;191(9):1490-1496.
Yan H, Yang W, Zhou F, et al. Estrogen Improves Insulin Sensitivity and Suppresses Gluconeogenesis via the Transcription Factor Foxo1. Diabetes. 2019;68(2):291-302.
McCarthy C, Warne JP. Gender Differences in Physical Activity Status and Knowledge of Irish University Staff and Students. Sport Sci Health. 2022;18:1285-1289.
Hands B, Parker H, Larkin D, Cantell M, Rose E. Male and Female Differences in Health Benefits Derived from Physical Activity: Implications for Exercise Prescription. J Women’s Heal Issues Care. 2016;5(4):1-3.
Mika A, Macaluso F, Barone R, Di Felice V, Sledzinski T. Effect of Exercise on Fatty Acid Metabolism and Adipokine Secretion in Adipose Tissue. Front Physiol. 2019;10(26):2-5.
Astiarani Y, Kedang MGAI, Fitriah N, Chandra FA. Prevalence and Determinants of Central Obesity at Urban Slum Dwellers in North Jakarta. J Ilmu Kesehat Masy. 2022;13(1):15-21.
Jura M, Kozak LP. Obesity and Related Consequences to Ageing. Age (Omaha). 2016;38(1):2-12.
Chen L, Chen R, Wang H, Liang F. Mechanisms Linking Inflammation to Insulin Resistance. Int J Endocrinol. 2015;2015:2-6.
Forny-Germano L, De Felice FG, Vieira MNN. The Role of Leptin and Adiponectin in Obesity-Associated Cognitive Decline and Alzheimer’s Disease. Front Neurosci. 2018;12(1027):3-10.
Veghari G, Sedaghat M, Maghsodlo S, et al. The Correlation between Educational Levels and Central Obesity in the North of Iran: An Epidemiologic Study. ARYA Atheroscler. 2013;9(4):218-221.
Witkam R, Gwinnutt JM, Humphreys J, Gandrup J, Cooper R, Verstappen SMM. Do Associations between Education and Obesity Vary Depending on the Measure of Obesity Used? A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-analysis. SSM - Popul Heal. 2021;15:3-10.
Chung W, Lim S. Factors Contributing to Educational Differences in Obesity among Women: Evidence from South Korea. BMC Public Health. 2020;20:4-10.
Valera-Calero JA, Varol U. Correlation among Routinary Physical Activity, Salivary Cortisol, and Chronic Neck Pain Severity in Office Workers: A Cross-Sectional Study. Biomedicines. 2022;10:4-10.
Mulia EPB, Fauzia KA, Atika A. Abdominal Obesity is Associated with Physical Activity Index in Indonesian Middle-Aged Adult Rural Population: A Cross-Sectional Study. Indian J Community Med. 2021;46:318-320.
Cox CE. Role of Physical Activity for Weight Loss and Weight Maintenance. Spectr Diabetes Journals. 2017;30(3):157-159.
Anderson E, Durstine JL. Physical Activity, Exercise, and Chronic Diseases: A Brief Review. Sport Med Heal Sci. 2019;1:3-8.
Selala MS, Senzanje A, Dhavu K. Requirements for Sustainable Operation and Maintenance of Rural Small-scale Water Infrastructure in Limpopo Province, South Africa. Water SA. 2019;45(2):291-304.
Syafiq WM, Dwipayana IMP, Saraswati MR, Gotera W. Correlation between Waist Circumference and Glycated Haemoglobin (HbA1c) among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in Diabetic Polyclinic Sanglah General Hospital Denpasar - Indonesia. Neurol Spinale Med Chir. 2020;3(2):67-69.
Septyaningrum N, Martini S. Lingkar Perut Mempunyai Hubungan Paling Kuat dengan Kadar Gula Darah. J Berk Epidemiol. 2014;2(1):51-57.
Inaishi J, Saisho Y. Beta-Cell Mass in Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes, and Its Relation to Pancreas Fat: A Mini-Review. Nutrients. 2020;12:1-9.
Ying W, Lee YS, Dong Y, et al. Expansion of Islet-Resident Macrophages Leads to Inflammation Affecting β Cell Proliferation and Function in Obesity. Cell Metab. 2019;29(2):459-470.
Al-Goblan AS, Al-Alfi MA, Khan MZ. Mechanism Linking Diabetes Mellitus and Obesity. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. 2014;7:588-590.
Hatting M, Tavares CDJ, Sharabi K, Rines AK, Puigserver P. Insulin Regulation of Gluconeogenesis. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2018;1411(1):2-14.
Sun K, Lin D, Feng Q, et al. Assessment of Adiposity Distribution and Its Association with Diabetes and Insulin Resistance: A Population-based Study. Diabetol Metab Syndr. 2019;11(51):3-7.
Chourpiliadis C, Mohiuddin SS. Biochemistry, Gluconeogenesis. StatPearls [update 2022; sitasi 29 Feb 2023]. Available from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK544346/.
Han HS, Kang G, Kim JS, Choi BH, Koo SH. Regulation of Glucose Metabolism from a Liver-centric Perspective. Exp Mol Med. 2016;48(3):1-8.
Romieu I, Dossus L, Barquera S, et al. Energy Balance and Obesity: What are the Main Drivers? Cancer Causes Control. 2017;28(3):248-255.
Rahma G, Gusrianti. Hubungan Obesitas Sentral dengan Hipertensi pada Penduduk Usia 25-65 Tahun. J Ilmu Kesehat. 2019;3(2):120-121.
Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia (Kemkes RI). Laporan Nasional Riskesdas 2018. Kemkes RI [update 2019; sitasi 22 Feb 2023]. Available from http://www.yankes.kemkes.go.id/assets/downloads/PMK No. 57 Tahun 2013 tentang PTRM.pdf.
Flores-Dorantes MT, Díaz-López YE, Gutiérrez-Aguilar R. Environment and Gene Association with Obesity and Their Impact on Neurodegenerative and Neurodevelopmental Diseases. Front Neurosci. 2020;14:863.
Lee A, Cardel M, Donahoo WT. Social and Environmental Factors Influencing Obesity. Endotext [update 2019; sitasi 22 Feb 2023]. Available from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK278977/.
Puspitasari N. Kejadian Obesitas Sentral pada Usia Dewasa. HIGEIA. 2018;2(2):252-258.
Octararine SW, Mahmudiono T. Apakah Kebiasaan Makan Berhubungan dengan Overweight/Obesitas pada Wanita Dewasa Indonesia? Berdasarkan Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS) 5 Tahun 2014. Media Gizi Kesmas. 2022;11(1):176-178.
Golzarand M, Toolabi K, Delfan SE, Mirmiran P. The Effect of Brown Rice Compared to White Rice on Adiposity Indices, Lipid Profile, and Glycemic Markers: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2022;62(27):7395-7410.
Maligan JM, Pratiwi DD, Widyaningsih TD. Studi Preferensi Konsumen terhadap Nasi Putih dan Nasi Jagung Putih pada Pekerja Wanita di Kantor Pemerintah Kota Malang Jaya. Indones J Hum Nutr. 2019;6(1):44-50.
Kolahdouzan M, Khosravi-Boroujeni H, Nikkar B, et al. The Association between Dietary Intake of White Rice and Central Obesity in Obese Adults. ARYA Atheroscler. 2013;9(2):141-143.
Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia (Kemkes RI). Laporan Provinsi Kalimantan Timur Riskesdas 2018. Kemkes RI [update 2019; sitasi 22 Feb 2023]. Available from https://ejournal2.litbang.kemkes.go.id/index.php/lpb/article/view/3760.
Putri RD, Utami KD, Reski S. Correlation between Carbohydrate Consumption Level, Physical Activity and Quality of Sleep with Current Blood Glucose Levels in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus at Puskesmas Rapak Mahang Tenggarong. Formosa J Sci Technol. 2022;1(7):870-875.
Primashanti DAD, Sidiartha IGL. Perbandingan Asupan Energi, Karbohidrat, Protein dan Lemak dengan Angka Kecukupan Gizi pada Anak Obesitas. Medicina (B Aires). 2018;49(2):174-177.
Khairani N, Effendi SU, Utamy LW. Aktivitas Fisik dan Kejadian Obesitas Sentral pada Wanita Tanah Patah Kota Bengkulu. Chmk Nurs Sci J. 2018;2(1):14-16.
Statology. What is a Voluntary Response Sample? (Definition & Example). Statology [update 2021; sitasi 24 Feb 2023]. Available from https://www.statology.org/voluntary-response-sample/.
Social Security Administration (SSA). Physical Exertion Requirements. SSA [update 2023; sitasi 24 Feb 2023]. Available from https://www.ssa.gov/OP_Home/cfr20/404/404-1567.htm#:~:text=Medium work involves lifting no,(d) Heavy work.
Kementrian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia (Kemkes RI). Yuk, Cari Tahu Berapa Indeks Massa Tubuh Anda. Kemkes RI [update 2021; sitasi 24 Feb 2023]. Available from https://p2ptm.kemkes.go.id/infographic-p2ptm/penyakit-diabetes-melitus/page/3/yuk-cari-tahu-berapa-indeks-massa-tubuh-anda.
Putri RN, Nugraheni SA, Pradigdo SF. Faktor-Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Kejadian Obesitas Sentral pada Remaja Usia 15-18 Tahun di Provinsi DKI Jakarta (Analisis Riskesdas 2018). Media Kesehat Masy Indones. 2022;21(3):172-176.
Lubis MY, Hermawan D, Febriani U, Farich A. Hubungan antara Faktor Keturunan, Jenis Kelamin dan Tingkat Sosial Ekonomi Orang Tua dengan Kejadian Obesitas pada Mahasiswa di Universitas Malahayati. J Hum Care. 2020;5(4):893-898.
Prasad DS, Kabir Z, Devi KR, Peter PS, Das BC. Gender differences in Central Obesity: Implications for Cardiometabolic Health in South Asians. Indian Heart J. 2020;72:202-204.
Chang E, Varghese M, Singer K. Gender and Sex Differences in Adipose Tissue. Curr Diab Rep. 2018;18(9):2-8.
Gavin KM, Bessesen DH. Sex Differences in Adipose Tissue Function. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2020;49(2):216-224.
Hetemäki N, Mikkola TS, Tikkanen MJ, et al. Adipose Tissue Estrogen Production and Metabolism in Premenopausal Women. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2021;209:3-5.
De Paoli M, Zakharia A, Werstuck GH. The Role of Estrogen in Insulin Resistance: A Review of Clinical and Preclinical Data. Am J Pathol. 2021;191(9):1490-1496.
Yan H, Yang W, Zhou F, et al. Estrogen Improves Insulin Sensitivity and Suppresses Gluconeogenesis via the Transcription Factor Foxo1. Diabetes. 2019;68(2):291-302.
McCarthy C, Warne JP. Gender Differences in Physical Activity Status and Knowledge of Irish University Staff and Students. Sport Sci Health. 2022;18:1285-1289.
Hands B, Parker H, Larkin D, Cantell M, Rose E. Male and Female Differences in Health Benefits Derived from Physical Activity: Implications for Exercise Prescription. J Women’s Heal Issues Care. 2016;5(4):1-3.
Mika A, Macaluso F, Barone R, Di Felice V, Sledzinski T. Effect of Exercise on Fatty Acid Metabolism and Adipokine Secretion in Adipose Tissue. Front Physiol. 2019;10(26):2-5.
Astiarani Y, Kedang MGAI, Fitriah N, Chandra FA. Prevalence and Determinants of Central Obesity at Urban Slum Dwellers in North Jakarta. J Ilmu Kesehat Masy. 2022;13(1):15-21.
Jura M, Kozak LP. Obesity and Related Consequences to Ageing. Age (Omaha). 2016;38(1):2-12.
Chen L, Chen R, Wang H, Liang F. Mechanisms Linking Inflammation to Insulin Resistance. Int J Endocrinol. 2015;2015:2-6.
Forny-Germano L, De Felice FG, Vieira MNN. The Role of Leptin and Adiponectin in Obesity-Associated Cognitive Decline and Alzheimer’s Disease. Front Neurosci. 2018;12(1027):3-10.
Veghari G, Sedaghat M, Maghsodlo S, et al. The Correlation between Educational Levels and Central Obesity in the North of Iran: An Epidemiologic Study. ARYA Atheroscler. 2013;9(4):218-221.
Witkam R, Gwinnutt JM, Humphreys J, Gandrup J, Cooper R, Verstappen SMM. Do Associations between Education and Obesity Vary Depending on the Measure of Obesity Used? A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-analysis. SSM - Popul Heal. 2021;15:3-10.
Chung W, Lim S. Factors Contributing to Educational Differences in Obesity among Women: Evidence from South Korea. BMC Public Health. 2020;20:4-10.
Valera-Calero JA, Varol U. Correlation among Routinary Physical Activity, Salivary Cortisol, and Chronic Neck Pain Severity in Office Workers: A Cross-Sectional Study. Biomedicines. 2022;10:4-10.
Mulia EPB, Fauzia KA, Atika A. Abdominal Obesity is Associated with Physical Activity Index in Indonesian Middle-Aged Adult Rural Population: A Cross-Sectional Study. Indian J Community Med. 2021;46:318-320.
Cox CE. Role of Physical Activity for Weight Loss and Weight Maintenance. Spectr Diabetes Journals. 2017;30(3):157-159.
Anderson E, Durstine JL. Physical Activity, Exercise, and Chronic Diseases: A Brief Review. Sport Med Heal Sci. 2019;1:3-8.
Selala MS, Senzanje A, Dhavu K. Requirements for Sustainable Operation and Maintenance of Rural Small-scale Water Infrastructure in Limpopo Province, South Africa. Water SA. 2019;45(2):291-304.
Syafiq WM, Dwipayana IMP, Saraswati MR, Gotera W. Correlation between Waist Circumference and Glycated Haemoglobin (HbA1c) among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in Diabetic Polyclinic Sanglah General Hospital Denpasar - Indonesia. Neurol Spinale Med Chir. 2020;3(2):67-69.
Septyaningrum N, Martini S. Lingkar Perut Mempunyai Hubungan Paling Kuat dengan Kadar Gula Darah. J Berk Epidemiol. 2014;2(1):51-57.
Inaishi J, Saisho Y. Beta-Cell Mass in Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes, and Its Relation to Pancreas Fat: A Mini-Review. Nutrients. 2020;12:1-9.
Ying W, Lee YS, Dong Y, et al. Expansion of Islet-Resident Macrophages Leads to Inflammation Affecting β Cell Proliferation and Function in Obesity. Cell Metab. 2019;29(2):459-470.
Al-Goblan AS, Al-Alfi MA, Khan MZ. Mechanism Linking Diabetes Mellitus and Obesity. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. 2014;7:588-590.
Hatting M, Tavares CDJ, Sharabi K, Rines AK, Puigserver P. Insulin Regulation of Gluconeogenesis. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2018;1411(1):2-14.
Sun K, Lin D, Feng Q, et al. Assessment of Adiposity Distribution and Its Association with Diabetes and Insulin Resistance: A Population-based Study. Diabetol Metab Syndr. 2019;11(51):3-7.
Chourpiliadis C, Mohiuddin SS. Biochemistry, Gluconeogenesis. StatPearls [update 2022; sitasi 29 Feb 2023]. Available from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK544346/.
Han HS, Kang G, Kim JS, Choi BH, Koo SH. Regulation of Glucose Metabolism from a Liver-centric Perspective. Exp Mol Med. 2016;48(3):1-8.
Published
2024-12-31
How to Cite
SAPUTRA, Rudi et al.
KORELASI KADAR GLUKOSA DARAH SEWAKTU DENGAN OBESITAS SENTRAL: STUDI CROSS-SECTIONAL.
Medika Kartika : Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan, [S.l.], v. 7, n. 4, p. 364-375, dec. 2024.
ISSN 2655-6537.
Available at: <http://medikakartika.unjani.ac.id/medikakartika/index.php/mk/article/view/659>. Date accessed: 25 jan. 2025.
Section
Articles
