TELAAH PUSTAKA: TROMBOSITOPENIA PADA PASIEN LEPTOSPIROSIS
Abstract
Leptospirosis adalah penyakit zoonosis bakterial yang disebabkan oleh infeksi bakteri dari genus Leptospira yang patogen. Gambaran klinis penyakit ini bermacam-macam tergantung dari derajatnya, mulai dari demam, nyeri kepala, nyeri sendi, malaise, hingga gejala berat berupa pneumonia dan gagal ginjal yang disebut dengan sindrom Weil’s. Hasil pemeriksaan laboratorium yang dapat ditemukan salah satunya adalah trombositopenia. Telaah pustaka ini menjelaskan tentang patogenesis leptospirosis dan hal-hal yang berkaitan dengan terjadinya trombositopenia pada penyakit leptospirosis, dengan menggunakan data dari jurnal-jurnal elektronik yang didapat melalui search engine PubMed. Trombositopenia (trombosit < 150 x 109/L) erat kaitannya dengan Leptospirosis yang berat. Faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan trombositopenia yaitu stres oksidatif, kadar ikatan trombosit-VWF, serta beberapa temuan laboratorium yang buruk seperti hipoalbuminemia, kadar hemoglobin rendah, sera peningkatan kadar AST dan bilirubin total.
Kata kunci: leptospirosis, sindrom Weil’s, trombositopenia
DOI : 10.35990/mk.v7n1.p91-100
References
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18. Rajapakse S, Weeratunga P, Niloofa MJR, Fernando N, Rodrigo C, Maduranga S, et al. Clinical and laboratory associations of severity in a Sri Lankan cohort of patients with serologically confirmed leptospirosis: A prospective study. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2015;109(11):710–6.
19. Philip N, Lung Than LT, Shah AM, Yuhana MY, Sekawi Z, Neela VK. Predictors of severe leptospirosis: a multicentre observational study from Central Malaysia. BMC Infect Dis [Internet]. 2021;21(1):1–6. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-021-06766-5
20. Speelman P. leptospirosis. In: Braunwald E, Fauci A kasper D edi¬tors. Harrison’s principles of Internal Medicine. New York: McGraw- Hill; 2012.
21. Tunjungputri R, Mast Q, Does W, Sasongko P, Ven A, Gasem M. Thrombocytopathy contributes to the development of bleeding complications in human leptospirosis. Am J Trop Med Hyg Conf 64th Annu Meet Am Soc Trop Med Hyg ASTMH 2015 United states Conf start 20151025 Conf end 20151029. 2015;93(4 Supplement):131.
22. Araújo AM, Reis EAG, Athanazio DA, Ribeiro GS, Hagan JE, Araujo GC, et al. Oxidative stress markers correlate with renal dysfunction and thrombocytopenia in severe leptospirosis. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2014;90(4):719–23.
23. Jensen IJ, McGonagill PW, Berton RR, Wagner BA, Silva EE, Buettner GR, et al. Prolonged Reactive Oxygen Species Production following Septic Insult. ImmunoHorizons [Internet]. 2021 Jun 1;5(6):477–88. Available from: https://doi.org/10.4049/immunohorizons.2100027
24. Bhatt M, Rastogi N, Soneja M, Biswas A. Uncommon manifestation of leptospirosis: A diagnostic challenge. BMJ Case Rep. 2018;2018:1–5.
2. Rajapakse S. Leptospirosis: Clinical aspects. Clin Med J R Coll Physicians London. 2022;22(1):14–7.
3. Kementerian Kesehatan RI. Petunjuk Teknik Pengendalian Leptospirosis. Kemenkes RI [Internet]. 2017;126. Available from: http://infeksiemerging.kemkes.go.id/download/Buku_Petunjuk_Teknis_Pengendalian_Leptospirosis.pdf
4. Daher EF, Silva GB, Silveira CO, Falcão FS, Alves MP, Mota JAAA, et al. Factors associated with thrombocytopenia in severe leptospirosis (Weil’s disease). Clinics [Internet]. 2014 Feb;69(2):106–10. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1807593222009516
5. Haake DA, Levett PN. Leptospirosis in Humans. In: Adler B, editor. Leptospira and Leptospirosis [Internet]. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg; 2015. p. 65–97. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-45059-8_5
6. Dong WH, Chen Z. Leptospirosis with pulmonary haemorrhage and multiple organ failure: a case report and literature review. J Int Med Res. 2021;49(5).
7. Agampodi SB, Matthias MA, Moreno AC, Vinetz JM. Utility of quantitative polymerase chain reaction in leptospirosis diagnosis: Association of level of leptospiremia and clinical manifestations in Sri Lanka. Clin Infect Dis. 2012;54(9):1249–55.
8. Koens L, Lauga E. The passive diffusion of Leptospira interrogans. Phys Biol. 2014 Nov;11(6):66008.
9. Reis EAG, Hagan JE, Ribeiro GS, Teixeira-Carvalho A, Martins-Filho OA, Montgomery RR, et al. Cytokine Response Signatures in Disease Progression and Development of Severe Clinical Outcomes for Leptospirosis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2013;7(9):1–7.
10. Volz MS, Moos V, Allers K, Luge E, Mayer-Scholl A, Nöckler K, et al. Specific CD4 T-cell reactivity and cytokine release in different clinical presentations of leptospirosis. Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2015;22(12):1276–84.
11. Vaigundan Dhayabaran, Divya Chidambaram PR, Krishnaswamy. Identification of compounds for improved growth of Leptospira in culture and isolation. Diagnostic Microbiol Infect Dis. 2019;
12. Samrot A V., Sean TC, Bhavya KS, Sahithya CS, Chandrasekaran S, Palanisamy R, et al. Leptospiral infection, pathogenesis and its diagnosis—a review. Vol. 10, Pathogens. 2021. p. 1–30.
13. Chirathaworn C, Inwattana R, Poovorawan Y, Suwancharoen D. Interpretation of microscopic agglutination test for leptospirosis diagnosis and seroprevalence. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. 2014;4(Suppl 1):S162–4.
14. Fraga TR, Carvalho E, Isaac L, Barbosa AS. Leptospira and Leptospirosis. In: Molecular Medical Microbiology [Internet]. Elsevier; 2015. p. 1973–90. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/B9780123971692001074
15. De Brito T, Silva AMG da, Abreu PAE. Pathology and pathogenesis of human leptospirosis: a commented review. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo [Internet]. 2018 May 28;60. Available from: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0036-46652018005000400&lng=en&tlng=en
16. Miyahara S, Saito M, Kanemaru T, Villanueva SYAM, Gloriani NG, Yoshida SI. Destruction of the hepatocyte junction by intercellular invasion of Leptospira causes jaundice in a hamster model of Weil’s disease. Int J Exp Pathol. 2014;95(4):271–81.
17. Adiga DSA, Mittal S, Venugopal H, Mittal S. Serial changes in complete blood counts in patients with leptospirosis: Our experience. J Clin Diagnostic Res. 2017;11(5):EC21–4.
18. Rajapakse S, Weeratunga P, Niloofa MJR, Fernando N, Rodrigo C, Maduranga S, et al. Clinical and laboratory associations of severity in a Sri Lankan cohort of patients with serologically confirmed leptospirosis: A prospective study. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2015;109(11):710–6.
19. Philip N, Lung Than LT, Shah AM, Yuhana MY, Sekawi Z, Neela VK. Predictors of severe leptospirosis: a multicentre observational study from Central Malaysia. BMC Infect Dis [Internet]. 2021;21(1):1–6. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-021-06766-5
20. Speelman P. leptospirosis. In: Braunwald E, Fauci A kasper D edi¬tors. Harrison’s principles of Internal Medicine. New York: McGraw- Hill; 2012.
21. Tunjungputri R, Mast Q, Does W, Sasongko P, Ven A, Gasem M. Thrombocytopathy contributes to the development of bleeding complications in human leptospirosis. Am J Trop Med Hyg Conf 64th Annu Meet Am Soc Trop Med Hyg ASTMH 2015 United states Conf start 20151025 Conf end 20151029. 2015;93(4 Supplement):131.
22. Araújo AM, Reis EAG, Athanazio DA, Ribeiro GS, Hagan JE, Araujo GC, et al. Oxidative stress markers correlate with renal dysfunction and thrombocytopenia in severe leptospirosis. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2014;90(4):719–23.
23. Jensen IJ, McGonagill PW, Berton RR, Wagner BA, Silva EE, Buettner GR, et al. Prolonged Reactive Oxygen Species Production following Septic Insult. ImmunoHorizons [Internet]. 2021 Jun 1;5(6):477–88. Available from: https://doi.org/10.4049/immunohorizons.2100027
24. Bhatt M, Rastogi N, Soneja M, Biswas A. Uncommon manifestation of leptospirosis: A diagnostic challenge. BMJ Case Rep. 2018;2018:1–5.
Published
2024-03-31
How to Cite
FANANI, Reza.
TELAAH PUSTAKA: TROMBOSITOPENIA PADA PASIEN LEPTOSPIROSIS.
Medika Kartika : Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan, [S.l.], v. 7, n. 1, p. 91-100, mar. 2024.
ISSN 2655-6537.
Available at: <http://medikakartika.unjani.ac.id/medikakartika/index.php/mk/article/view/606>. Date accessed: 04 may 2024.
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