INFUSA KULIT BAWANG MERAH (Allium cepa L.) MEMPERBAIKI KERUSAKAN HATI TIKUS WISTAR YANG DIINDUKSI DIAZINON
Abstract
Penggunaan diazinon dalam membasmi hama tanaman akan meninggalkan residu pada tanaman sehingga jika dikonsumsi memberikan dampak buruk. Metabolisme diazinon di hati meningkatkan jumlah radikal bebas dan menurunkan aktivitas enzim antioksidan yang akan mengakibatkan kerusakan sel hati. Kulit bawang merah (Allium cepa L.) mengandung kuersetin yang dapat memperbaiki kerusakan jaringan akibat stres oksidatif. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui hubungan antara dosis infusa kulit bawang merah (IKBM) dan tingkat kerusakan hati tikus yang diinduksi diazinon dan menentukan dosis efektif maksimum IKBM. Tikus dibagi menjadi kelompok normal, diazinon, dan IKBM. Diazinon diberikan dengan dosis 40 mg/kgBB selama 7 hari dilanjutkan dengan IKBM dengan dosis 125, 250, 500, 1.000, dan 2.000 mg/kgBB selama 7 hari. Pengamatan mikroskopik dilakukan terhadap 100 sel hati dengan pewarnaan hematoxylin-eosin (HE) berdasarkan skor Manja Roenigk. Tingkat kerusakan hati antara dua kelompok dianalisis menggunakan uji Mann-Whitney, sedangkan korelasi antara dosis IKBM dan tingkat kerusakan hati, dan dosis efektif maksimum IKBM ditentukan dengan uji regresi. Rerata skor histopatologi hati tertinggi didapatkan pada kelompok diazinon dan terendah pada kelompok normal (p<0,05). Uji regresi menunjukkan terdapat hubungan eksponensial antara dosis IKBM dan tingkat kerusakan hati (p<0,05), yaitu semakin tinggi dosis IKBM, semakin rendah skor histopatologi hati dan dosis efektif maksimum IKBM adalah 1.347,28 mg/kgBB. Sebagai kesimpulan, semakin tinggi dosis IKBM, semakin rendah tingkat kerusakan hati tikus yang diinduksi diazinon. Pemberian IKBM melebihi dosis 1.347,28 mg/kgBB akan meningkatkan kerusakan hati.
Kata kunci: bawang merah, diazinon, hati, histopatologi
References
1. BPS. BPS: Jumlah Penduduk Bekerja Naik 6,13 Juta, Pengangguran Turun 0,28 Persen. Badan Pusat Statistik 2022 [update 2 Nov 2019; sitasi 23 Nov 2021]; Available from https://setkab.go.id/bps-jumlah-penduduk-bekerja-naik-613-juta-pengangguran-turun-028-persen/
2. Ardiwinata AN, Ginoga LN, Sulaeman E, Harsanti ES. Pesticide Residue Monitoring on Agriculture in Indonesia. Jurnal Sumberdaya Lahan 2018;12(2):133–144.
3. Himawan H. Penetapan Kadar Residu Diazinon Pada Buah Stroberi (Fragaria Sp.) Setelah Pencucian dengan Metode Gc-Ms. [Skripsi]. Surakarta: Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta; 2012.
4. Zhao S, Wesseling S, Spenkelink B, Rietjens IMCM. Physiologically based kinetic modelling based prediction of in vivo rat and human acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition upon exposure to diazinon. Arch Toxicol 2021;95(5):1573–1593.
5. Zhao Y, Vanhoutte PM, Leung SWS. Vascular nitric oxide: Beyond eNOS. J Pharmacol Sci. 2015;129(2):83–94.
6. Jafari M, Salehi M, Ahmadi S, Asgari A, Abasnezhad M, Hajigholamali M. The role of oxidative stress in diazinon-induced tissues toxicity in Wistar and Norway rats. Toxicol Mech Methods 2012;22(8):638–647.
7. Mahmoud A, nashwa shalaby. Evaluation of Hepatoprotective Effect of Propolis Against Sub-Chronic Diazinon Induced Hepatotoxicity. The Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences and Applied Toxicology 2018;18(4):59–77.
8. Nili-Ahmadabadi A, Alibolandi P, Ranjbar A, et al. Thymoquinone attenuates hepatotoxicity and oxidative damage caused by diazinon: an in vivo study. Res Pharm Sci 2018;13(6):500.
9. Vahidirad M, Arab-Nozari M, Mohammadi H, Zamani E, Shaki F. Protective effect of captopril against diazinon induced nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity via inhibition of ROS-NO pathway. Drug Chem Toxicol 2018;41(3):287–293.
10. Wisudanti DD, Herdiana F, Qodar TS. Diazinon Toxicity to Kidney and Liver of Wistar Male Rats in terms of Biochemical and Histopathological Parameters. Journal of Agromedicine and Medical Sciences 2019;5(2):51.
Oliveira CR de, Ceolin J, Oliveira RR de, et al. Efecto de la quercetina sobre la lesión hepática inducida por bifenilos policlorados en ratas. Nutr Hosp 2014;29(5):1141–1148.
12. Gelen V, Şengül E, Gedikli S, Gür C, Özkanlar S. Therapeutic effect of quercetin on renal function and tissue damage in the obesity induced rats. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy 2017;89:524–528.
13. Xu D, Hu M-J, Wang Y-Q, Cui Y-L. Antioxidant Activities of Quercetin and Its Complexes for Medicinal Application. Molecules 2019;24(6):1123.
14. Bardos J, Dalimunthe A, Harahap U. Aktivitas Hepatoprotektor Ekstrak Etanol Kulit Bawang Merah (Allium cepa L. Corium) Terhadap Mencit Jantan Yang Diinduksi Parasetamol. Talenta Conference Series: Tropical Medicine (TM) 2018;1(3):1–6.
15. Nuri N, Puspitasari E, Hidayat MA, Ningsih IY, Triatmoko B, Dianasari D. Pengaruh Metode Ekstraksi terhadap Kadar Fenol dan Flavonoid Total, Aktivitas Antioksidan serta Antilipase Daun Jati Belanda (Guazuma ulmifolia). Jurnal Sains Farmasi & Klinis 2020;7(2):143.
16. Brini E, Fennell CJ, Fernandez-Serra M, Hribar-Lee B, Lukšič M, Dill KA. How Water’s Properties Are Encoded in Its Molecular Structure and Energies. Chem Rev 2017;117(19):12385–12414.
17. Suryani NC, Permana, Jambe A. Pengaruh Jenis Pelarut terhadap Kandungan Total Flavonoid dan Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Daun Matoa (Pometia pinnata). Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Pangan (ITEPA) 2016;5(1):1-10.
18. BPOM RI. Acuan Sediaan Herbal. Jakarta: BPOM RI, 2012.
19. Januar R, Yusfiati, Fitmawati. Struktur Mikroskopis Hati Tikus 1. BPS. BPS: Jumlah Penduduk Bekerja Naik 6,13 Juta, Pengangguran Turun 0,28 Persen. Badan Pusat Statistik 2022 [update 2 Nov 2019; sitasi 23 Nov 2021]; Available from https://setkab.go.id/bps-jumlah-penduduk-bekerja-naik-613-juta-pengangguran-turun-028-persen/
2. Ardiwinata AN, Ginoga LN, Sulaeman E, Harsanti ES. Pesticide Residue Monitoring on Agriculture in Indonesia. Jurnal Sumberdaya Lahan 2018;12(2):133–144.
3. Himawan H. Penetapan Kadar Residu Diazinon Pada Buah Stroberi (Fragaria Sp.) Setelah Pencucian dengan Metode Gc-Ms. [Skripsi]. Surakarta: Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta; 2012.
4. Zhao S, Wesseling S, Spenkelink B, Rietjens IMCM. Physiologically based kinetic modelling based prediction of in vivo rat and human acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition upon exposure to diazinon. Arch Toxicol 2021;95(5):1573–1593.
5. Zhao Y, Vanhoutte PM, Leung SWS. Vascular nitric oxide: Beyond eNOS. J Pharmacol Sci. 2015;129(2):83–94.
6. Jafari M, Salehi M, Ahmadi S, Asgari A, Abasnezhad M, Hajigholamali M. The role of oxidative stress in diazinon-induced tissues toxicity in Wistar and Norway rats. Toxicol Mech Methods 2012;22(8):638–647.
7. Mahmoud A, nashwa shalaby. Evaluation of Hepatoprotective Effect of Propolis Against Sub-Chronic Diazinon Induced Hepatotoxicity. The Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences and Applied Toxicology 2018;18(4):59–77.
8. Nili-Ahmadabadi A, Alibolandi P, Ranjbar A, et al. Thymoquinone attenuates hepatotoxicity and oxidative damage caused by diazinon: an in vivo study. Res Pharm Sci 2018;13(6):500.
9. Vahidirad M, Arab-Nozari M, Mohammadi H, Zamani E, Shaki F. Protective effect of captopril against diazinon induced nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity via inhibition of ROS-NO pathway. Drug Chem Toxicol 2018;41(3):287–293.
10. Wisudanti DD, Herdiana F, Qodar TS. Diazinon Toxicity to Kidney and Liver of Wistar Male Rats in terms of Biochemical and Histopathological Parameters. Journal of Agromedicine and Medical Sciences 2019;5(2):51.
11. Oliveira CR de, Ceolin J, Oliveira RR de, et al. Efecto de la quercetina sobre la lesión hepática inducida por bifenilos policlorados en ratas. Nutr Hosp 2014;29(5):1141–1148.
12. Gelen V, Şengül E, Gedikli S, Gür C, Özkanlar S. Therapeutic effect of quercetin on renal function and tissue damage in the obesity induced rats. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy 2017;89:524–528.
13. Xu D, Hu M-J, Wang Y-Q, Cui Y-L. Antioxidant Activities of Quercetin and Its Complexes for Medicinal Application. Molecules 2019;24(6):1123.
14. Bardos J, Dalimunthe A, Harahap U. Aktivitas Hepatoprotektor Ekstrak Etanol Kulit Bawang Merah (Allium cepa L. Corium) Terhadap Mencit Jantan Yang Diinduksi Parasetamol. Talenta Conference Series: Tropical Medicine (TM) 2018;1(3):1–6.
15. Nuri N, Puspitasari E, Hidayat MA, Ningsih IY, Triatmoko B, Dianasari D. Pengaruh Metode Ekstraksi terhadap Kadar Fenol dan Flavonoid Total, Aktivitas Antioksidan serta Antilipase Daun Jati Belanda (Guazuma ulmifolia). Jurnal Sains Farmasi & Klinis 2020;7(2):143.
16. Brini E, Fennell CJ, Fernandez-Serra M, Hribar-Lee B, Lukšič M, Dill KA. How Water’s Properties Are Encoded in Its Molecular Structure and Energies. Chem Rev 2017;117(19):12385–12414.
17. Suryani NC, Permana, Jambe A. Pengaruh Jenis Pelarut terhadap Kandungan Total Flavonoid dan Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Daun Matoa (Pometia pinnata). Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Pangan (ITEPA) 2016;5(1):1-10.
18. BPOM RI. Acuan Sediaan Herbal. Jakarta: BPOM RI, 2012.
19. Januar R, Yusfiati, Fitmawati. Struktur Mikroskopis Hati Tikus Putih (Rattus novergicus) Akibat Pemberian Ekstrak Tanaman Tristaniopsis whiteana Griff. Jurnal Online Mahasiswa Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam 2014;1(2):392–401.
20. Ivanovic S, Borozan N, Jankovic R, et al. Functional and histological changes of the pancreas and the liver in the rats after the acute and subacute administration of diazinon. Vojnosanit Pregl 2021;78(9):955–963.
21. Jordao AA, Canale A, Brunaldi M, Zucoloto S. Hepatic ballooning degeneration: a new feature of the refeeding syndrome in rats. Clin Exp Hepatol 2020;6(4):327–334.
22. Ridho MR, Prasetyo A, Hairrudin H. Hepatoprotector Effect of Coconut Water (Cocos nucifera L.) and Folic Acid to the Liver Histopathological Desccription of Pregnant Wistar Female Rats (Rattus norvegicus) Induced by Carbamate. Journal of Agromedicine and Medical Sciences 2020;6(1):53.
23. Kumari A. Glycolysis. Sweet Biochemistry. 2018;1–5.
24. Mateus PG, Wolf VG, Borges MS, Ximenes VF. Quercetin: Prooxidant Effect and Apoptosis in Cancer. 2018;265–288.
25. Choi EJ, Chee K-M, Lee BH. Anti- and prooxidant effects of chronic quercetin administration in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2003;482(1–3):281–285.
26. Dibal NI, Garba SH, Jacks TW. Acute Toxicity of Quercetin from Onion Skin in Mice. Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Research 2021;6(4):269–276.
2. Ardiwinata AN, Ginoga LN, Sulaeman E, Harsanti ES. Pesticide Residue Monitoring on Agriculture in Indonesia. Jurnal Sumberdaya Lahan 2018;12(2):133–144.
3. Himawan H. Penetapan Kadar Residu Diazinon Pada Buah Stroberi (Fragaria Sp.) Setelah Pencucian dengan Metode Gc-Ms. [Skripsi]. Surakarta: Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta; 2012.
4. Zhao S, Wesseling S, Spenkelink B, Rietjens IMCM. Physiologically based kinetic modelling based prediction of in vivo rat and human acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition upon exposure to diazinon. Arch Toxicol 2021;95(5):1573–1593.
5. Zhao Y, Vanhoutte PM, Leung SWS. Vascular nitric oxide: Beyond eNOS. J Pharmacol Sci. 2015;129(2):83–94.
6. Jafari M, Salehi M, Ahmadi S, Asgari A, Abasnezhad M, Hajigholamali M. The role of oxidative stress in diazinon-induced tissues toxicity in Wistar and Norway rats. Toxicol Mech Methods 2012;22(8):638–647.
7. Mahmoud A, nashwa shalaby. Evaluation of Hepatoprotective Effect of Propolis Against Sub-Chronic Diazinon Induced Hepatotoxicity. The Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences and Applied Toxicology 2018;18(4):59–77.
8. Nili-Ahmadabadi A, Alibolandi P, Ranjbar A, et al. Thymoquinone attenuates hepatotoxicity and oxidative damage caused by diazinon: an in vivo study. Res Pharm Sci 2018;13(6):500.
9. Vahidirad M, Arab-Nozari M, Mohammadi H, Zamani E, Shaki F. Protective effect of captopril against diazinon induced nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity via inhibition of ROS-NO pathway. Drug Chem Toxicol 2018;41(3):287–293.
10. Wisudanti DD, Herdiana F, Qodar TS. Diazinon Toxicity to Kidney and Liver of Wistar Male Rats in terms of Biochemical and Histopathological Parameters. Journal of Agromedicine and Medical Sciences 2019;5(2):51.
Oliveira CR de, Ceolin J, Oliveira RR de, et al. Efecto de la quercetina sobre la lesión hepática inducida por bifenilos policlorados en ratas. Nutr Hosp 2014;29(5):1141–1148.
12. Gelen V, Şengül E, Gedikli S, Gür C, Özkanlar S. Therapeutic effect of quercetin on renal function and tissue damage in the obesity induced rats. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy 2017;89:524–528.
13. Xu D, Hu M-J, Wang Y-Q, Cui Y-L. Antioxidant Activities of Quercetin and Its Complexes for Medicinal Application. Molecules 2019;24(6):1123.
14. Bardos J, Dalimunthe A, Harahap U. Aktivitas Hepatoprotektor Ekstrak Etanol Kulit Bawang Merah (Allium cepa L. Corium) Terhadap Mencit Jantan Yang Diinduksi Parasetamol. Talenta Conference Series: Tropical Medicine (TM) 2018;1(3):1–6.
15. Nuri N, Puspitasari E, Hidayat MA, Ningsih IY, Triatmoko B, Dianasari D. Pengaruh Metode Ekstraksi terhadap Kadar Fenol dan Flavonoid Total, Aktivitas Antioksidan serta Antilipase Daun Jati Belanda (Guazuma ulmifolia). Jurnal Sains Farmasi & Klinis 2020;7(2):143.
16. Brini E, Fennell CJ, Fernandez-Serra M, Hribar-Lee B, Lukšič M, Dill KA. How Water’s Properties Are Encoded in Its Molecular Structure and Energies. Chem Rev 2017;117(19):12385–12414.
17. Suryani NC, Permana, Jambe A. Pengaruh Jenis Pelarut terhadap Kandungan Total Flavonoid dan Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Daun Matoa (Pometia pinnata). Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Pangan (ITEPA) 2016;5(1):1-10.
18. BPOM RI. Acuan Sediaan Herbal. Jakarta: BPOM RI, 2012.
19. Januar R, Yusfiati, Fitmawati. Struktur Mikroskopis Hati Tikus 1. BPS. BPS: Jumlah Penduduk Bekerja Naik 6,13 Juta, Pengangguran Turun 0,28 Persen. Badan Pusat Statistik 2022 [update 2 Nov 2019; sitasi 23 Nov 2021]; Available from https://setkab.go.id/bps-jumlah-penduduk-bekerja-naik-613-juta-pengangguran-turun-028-persen/
2. Ardiwinata AN, Ginoga LN, Sulaeman E, Harsanti ES. Pesticide Residue Monitoring on Agriculture in Indonesia. Jurnal Sumberdaya Lahan 2018;12(2):133–144.
3. Himawan H. Penetapan Kadar Residu Diazinon Pada Buah Stroberi (Fragaria Sp.) Setelah Pencucian dengan Metode Gc-Ms. [Skripsi]. Surakarta: Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta; 2012.
4. Zhao S, Wesseling S, Spenkelink B, Rietjens IMCM. Physiologically based kinetic modelling based prediction of in vivo rat and human acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition upon exposure to diazinon. Arch Toxicol 2021;95(5):1573–1593.
5. Zhao Y, Vanhoutte PM, Leung SWS. Vascular nitric oxide: Beyond eNOS. J Pharmacol Sci. 2015;129(2):83–94.
6. Jafari M, Salehi M, Ahmadi S, Asgari A, Abasnezhad M, Hajigholamali M. The role of oxidative stress in diazinon-induced tissues toxicity in Wistar and Norway rats. Toxicol Mech Methods 2012;22(8):638–647.
7. Mahmoud A, nashwa shalaby. Evaluation of Hepatoprotective Effect of Propolis Against Sub-Chronic Diazinon Induced Hepatotoxicity. The Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences and Applied Toxicology 2018;18(4):59–77.
8. Nili-Ahmadabadi A, Alibolandi P, Ranjbar A, et al. Thymoquinone attenuates hepatotoxicity and oxidative damage caused by diazinon: an in vivo study. Res Pharm Sci 2018;13(6):500.
9. Vahidirad M, Arab-Nozari M, Mohammadi H, Zamani E, Shaki F. Protective effect of captopril against diazinon induced nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity via inhibition of ROS-NO pathway. Drug Chem Toxicol 2018;41(3):287–293.
10. Wisudanti DD, Herdiana F, Qodar TS. Diazinon Toxicity to Kidney and Liver of Wistar Male Rats in terms of Biochemical and Histopathological Parameters. Journal of Agromedicine and Medical Sciences 2019;5(2):51.
11. Oliveira CR de, Ceolin J, Oliveira RR de, et al. Efecto de la quercetina sobre la lesión hepática inducida por bifenilos policlorados en ratas. Nutr Hosp 2014;29(5):1141–1148.
12. Gelen V, Şengül E, Gedikli S, Gür C, Özkanlar S. Therapeutic effect of quercetin on renal function and tissue damage in the obesity induced rats. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy 2017;89:524–528.
13. Xu D, Hu M-J, Wang Y-Q, Cui Y-L. Antioxidant Activities of Quercetin and Its Complexes for Medicinal Application. Molecules 2019;24(6):1123.
14. Bardos J, Dalimunthe A, Harahap U. Aktivitas Hepatoprotektor Ekstrak Etanol Kulit Bawang Merah (Allium cepa L. Corium) Terhadap Mencit Jantan Yang Diinduksi Parasetamol. Talenta Conference Series: Tropical Medicine (TM) 2018;1(3):1–6.
15. Nuri N, Puspitasari E, Hidayat MA, Ningsih IY, Triatmoko B, Dianasari D. Pengaruh Metode Ekstraksi terhadap Kadar Fenol dan Flavonoid Total, Aktivitas Antioksidan serta Antilipase Daun Jati Belanda (Guazuma ulmifolia). Jurnal Sains Farmasi & Klinis 2020;7(2):143.
16. Brini E, Fennell CJ, Fernandez-Serra M, Hribar-Lee B, Lukšič M, Dill KA. How Water’s Properties Are Encoded in Its Molecular Structure and Energies. Chem Rev 2017;117(19):12385–12414.
17. Suryani NC, Permana, Jambe A. Pengaruh Jenis Pelarut terhadap Kandungan Total Flavonoid dan Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Daun Matoa (Pometia pinnata). Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Pangan (ITEPA) 2016;5(1):1-10.
18. BPOM RI. Acuan Sediaan Herbal. Jakarta: BPOM RI, 2012.
19. Januar R, Yusfiati, Fitmawati. Struktur Mikroskopis Hati Tikus Putih (Rattus novergicus) Akibat Pemberian Ekstrak Tanaman Tristaniopsis whiteana Griff. Jurnal Online Mahasiswa Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam 2014;1(2):392–401.
20. Ivanovic S, Borozan N, Jankovic R, et al. Functional and histological changes of the pancreas and the liver in the rats after the acute and subacute administration of diazinon. Vojnosanit Pregl 2021;78(9):955–963.
21. Jordao AA, Canale A, Brunaldi M, Zucoloto S. Hepatic ballooning degeneration: a new feature of the refeeding syndrome in rats. Clin Exp Hepatol 2020;6(4):327–334.
22. Ridho MR, Prasetyo A, Hairrudin H. Hepatoprotector Effect of Coconut Water (Cocos nucifera L.) and Folic Acid to the Liver Histopathological Desccription of Pregnant Wistar Female Rats (Rattus norvegicus) Induced by Carbamate. Journal of Agromedicine and Medical Sciences 2020;6(1):53.
23. Kumari A. Glycolysis. Sweet Biochemistry. 2018;1–5.
24. Mateus PG, Wolf VG, Borges MS, Ximenes VF. Quercetin: Prooxidant Effect and Apoptosis in Cancer. 2018;265–288.
25. Choi EJ, Chee K-M, Lee BH. Anti- and prooxidant effects of chronic quercetin administration in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2003;482(1–3):281–285.
26. Dibal NI, Garba SH, Jacks TW. Acute Toxicity of Quercetin from Onion Skin in Mice. Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Research 2021;6(4):269–276.
Published
2023-12-31
How to Cite
AINI, Nada Qurrota et al.
INFUSA KULIT BAWANG MERAH (Allium cepa L.) MEMPERBAIKI KERUSAKAN HATI TIKUS WISTAR YANG DIINDUKSI DIAZINON.
Medika Kartika : Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan, [S.l.], v. 6, n. 4, p. 329-339, dec. 2023.
ISSN 2655-6537.
Available at: <http://medikakartika.unjani.ac.id/medikakartika/index.php/mk/article/view/531>. Date accessed: 18 may 2024.
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