KADAR SITOKIN IL-6 DAN IFN-α PADA MENCIT GALUR BALB/c YANG DIIMUNISASI VAKSIN MULTIEPITOP COVID-19
Abstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi efektivitas vaksin multiepitope COVID-19 dengan adjuvan kitosan terhadap kadar IL-6 (interleukin-6) dan IFN-α (interferon-alpha) pada mencit galur BALB/c. Studi ini melibatkan empat kelompok perlakuan, yaitu kontrol negatif, kontrol positif, vaksin tanpa adjuvan kitosan, dan vaksin dengan adjuvan kitosan. Pengukuran kadar IL-6 dan IFN-α dilakukan menggunakan metode immunoassay. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian vaksin multiepitope dengan tambahan adjuvan kitosan tidak memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap kadar IFN-α maupun IL-6 jika dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa kitosan sebagai adjuvan berperan penting dalam meningkatkan respons imun adaptif sambil meminimalkan inflamasi. Formulasi vaksin ini memiliki potensi sebagai kandidat vaksin COVID-19 yang efektif dengan profil keamanan yang baik, meskipun diperlukan penelitian lebih lanjut untuk mengonfirmasi efektivitasnya pada manusia.
Kata kunci : COVID-19, IL-6, IFN-α, kitosan, vaksin
References
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2. Soegiarto G, Mahdi BA, Wulandari L, Fahmita KD, Hadmoko ST, Gautama HI, et al. Evaluation of Antibody Response and Adverse Effects following Heterologous COVID-19 Vaccine Booster with mRNA Vaccine among Healthcare Workers in Indonesia. Vaccines (Basel). 2023 Jun 26;11(7):1160.
3. Suryadinata N, Christopher PM, Imanuelly M, Wijaya RS, Cucunawangsih C, Lugito NPH. REACTOGENICITY OF HETEROLOGOUS MRNA-BASED COVID-19 VACCINE BOOSTER IN YOUNG ADULTS IN INDONESIA-A SHORT COMMUNICATION. Afr J Infect Dis. 2023 Mar 31;17(2):9–13.
4. Castrodeza-sanz J, Sanz-muñoz I. Adjuvants for COVID-19 Vaccines. 2023;1–17.
5. Yang Z, Bogdan P, Nazarian S. An in silico deep learning approach to multi-epitope vaccine design: a SARS-CoV-2 case study. Sci Rep [Internet]. 2021;11(1):1–21. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-81749-9
6. Zhang L. Multi-epitope vaccines: A promising strategy against tumors and viral infections. Cell Mol Immunol [Internet]. 2018;15(2):182–4. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/cmi.2017.92
7. Dmour I, Islam N. Recent advances on chitosan as an adjuvant for vaccine delivery. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. 2022. p. 498–519.
8. Gong X, Gao Y, Shu J, Zhang C, Zhao K. Chitosan-Based Nanomaterial as Immune Adjuvant and Delivery Carrier for Vaccines. Vaccines (Basel). 2022 Nov 11;10(11):1906.
9. Zhang JM, An J. Cytokines, Inflammation, and Pain. Int Anesthesiol Clin. 2007;45(2):27–37.
10. Hodi FS, Soiffer RJ. Interleukins. In: Encyclopedia of Cancer. Elsevier; 2002. p. 523–35.
11. Interlukin-6 levels in relation to COVID-19 vaccine. In: 4th International Conference on Biological & Health Sciences (CIC-BIOHS’2022). Cihan University; 2022.
12. Sharma BR, Ravindra PV. Immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 vaccines. Exploration of Immunology. 2022;2(5):648–64.
13. Wang S, Li L, Yan F, Gao Y, Yang S, Xia X. Covid-19 animal models and vaccines: Current landscape and future prospects. Vaccines (Basel). 2021;9(10):1–24.
14. Sun Y, Kang H, Zhao Y, Cui K, Wu X, Huang S, et al. Immune response after vaccination using inactivated vaccine for coronavirus disease 2019. Chin Med J (Engl). 2023 Jun 20;136(12):1497–9.
15. Savin T V., Tyurina TO, Milichkina AM, Drozd I V., Kuznetsova RN, Simbirtsev AS, et al. Clinical and immunological efficacy of intranasal interferon in the post-vaccination period in patients vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. Russian Journal of Immunology. 2023 Sep 22;26(4):705–12.
16. Karayianni M, Sentoukas T, Skandalis A, Pippa N, Pispas S. Chitosan-Based Nanoparticles for Nucleic Acid Delivery: Technological Aspects, Applications, and Future Perspectives. Pharmaceutics. 2023 Jun 29;15(7):1849.
17. Lin Y, Sun B, Jin Z, Zhao K. Enhanced Immune Responses to Mucosa by Functionalized Chitosan-Based Composite Nanoparticles as a Vaccine Adjuvant for Intranasal Delivery. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2022 Nov 30;14(47):52691–701.
18. Milicic A, Reinke S, Fergusson J, Lindblad EB, Thakur A, Corby G, et al. Adjuvants, immunomodulators, and adaptogens. In: Vaccinology and Methods in Vaccine Research. Elsevier; 2022. p. 223–80.
19. Facciolà A, Visalli G, Laganà A, Di Pietro A. An Overview of Vaccine Adjuvants: Current Evidence and Future Perspectives. Vaccines (Basel). 2022 May 22;10(5):819.
20. Ali AS. The Role of IL-6 in Inflammatory Reaction during Coronavirus-19 Infection: A Review. Journal of Communicable Diseases. 2022 Mar 16;210–4.
21. Parmaksız S, Şenel S. An Overview on Chitosan-Based Adjuvant/Vaccine Delivery Systems. In 2021. p. 293–379.
22. Landolfo S, De Andrea M. Interferon α/β. In: Encyclopedia of Immunobiology. Elsevier; 2016. p. 485–93.
23. Briukhovetska D, Dörr J, Endres S, Libby P, Dinarello CA, Kobold S. Interleukins in cancer: from biology to therapy. Nat Rev Cancer. 2021 Aug 3;21(8):481–99.
24. Eva Ayu Maharani SsMB, Ganjar Noviar S. IMUNOHEMATOLOGI DAN BANK DARAH [Internet]. Edisi 2018. Jakarta: Kementrian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia; 2018 [cited 2025 Jan 17]. 1–322 p. Available from: https://tlm.poltekkesaceh.ac.id/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/Imunohematologi-dan-Bank-Darah_SC.pdf?utm_source=chatgpt.com
25. Villar-Fincheira P, Sanhueza-Olivares F, Norambuena-Soto I, Cancino-Arenas N, Hernandez-Vargas F, Troncoso R, et al. Role of Interleukin-6 in Vascular Health and Disease. Front Mol Biosci. 2021 Mar 16;8.
26. Kawasuji H, Morinaga Y, Nagaoka K, Tani H, Yoshida Y, Yamada H, et al. High interleukin-6 levels induced by COVID-19 pneumonia correlate with increased circulating follicular helper T cell frequency and strong neutralization antibody response in the acute phase of Omicron breakthrough infection. Front Immunol. 2024 Apr 17;15.
27. Lyu X. Comparison of different COVID-19 vaccines: messenger RNA, subunit, and attenuated vaccine. In: El-Hashash A, editor. International Conference on Biomedical and Intelligent Systems (IC-BIS 2022). SPIE; 2022. p. 151.
28. Meo SA, ElToukhy RA, Meo AS, Klonoff DC. Comparison of Biological, Pharmacological Characteristics, Indications, Contraindications, Efficacy, and Adverse Effects of Inactivated Whole-Virus COVID-19 Vaccines Sinopharm, CoronaVac, and Covaxin: An Observational Study. Vaccines (Basel). 2023 Apr 11;11(4):826.
Published
2025-09-30
How to Cite
SAFARI, Ardhi Ryanto et al.
KADAR SITOKIN IL-6 DAN IFN-α PADA MENCIT GALUR BALB/c YANG DIIMUNISASI VAKSIN MULTIEPITOP COVID-19.
Medika Kartika : Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan, [S.l.], v. 8, n. 3, p. 287-298, sep. 2025.
ISSN 2655-6537.
Available at: <http://medikakartika.unjani.ac.id/medikakartika/index.php/mk/article/view/1396>. Date accessed: 08 oct. 2025.
Section
Articles
