PROFIL INTERFERON-GAMMA RELEASE ASSAY UNTUK DETEKSI TUBERKULOSIS LATEN PADA KARYAWAN UNIVERSITAS JENDERAL ACHMAD YANI
Abstract
Pekerja di institusi pendidikan memiliki risiko terpapar Mycobacterium tuberculosis melalui interaksi sehari-hari di lingkungan akademik yang padat dan kontak dengan banyak individu dari latar belakang dan domisili yang beragam. Indonesia merupakan negara dengan beban TB tinggi, mengingat tingginya prevalensi TB di masyarakat umum maka risiko semakin relevan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai angka kejadian Latent Tuberculosis Infection (LTBI) di kalangan karyawan universitas menggunakan pemeriksaan Interferon-Gamma Release Assay (IGRA). Penelitian potong lintang dilakukan pada 35 karyawan Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani dari Juni hingga Juli 2024. Peserta menjalani skrining klinis, pengukuran antropometri, dan pemeriksaan IGRA menggunakan ichroma™ IGRA-TB. Data demografi, riwayat vaksinasi BCG, riwayat paparan TB, dan gejala klinis dikumpulkan menggunakan kuesioner terstandar. Dari 35 peserta, 5 orang (14,3%) memiliki hasil IGRA positif tanpa gejala klinis TB aktif sehingga dinyatakan sebagai TB laten. Positivitas IGRA lebih tinggi pada laki-laki (4/18, 22,2%) dibandingkan perempuan (1/17, 5,9%). Empat dari lima peserta dengan hasil IGRA positif tidak memiliki riwayat vaksinasi BCG sebelumnya. Tingkat positivitas lebih tinggi ditemukan pada kelompok usia 46-55 tahun (3/10, 30%) dibandingkan kelompok usia yang lebih muda. Semua kasus IGRA positif melaporkan tidak ada kontak yang diketahui dengan pasien TB aktif. Proporsi hasil IGRA positif yang substansial, khususnya di antara laki-laki yang tidak divaksinasi BCG dan karyawan yang lebih tua, menekankan pentingnya skrining LTBI sistematis di institusi akademik. Temuan ini mendukung penerapan strategi pencegahan TB komprehensif termasuk skrining rutin dan langkah-langkah kesehatan kerja.
Kata kunci: Interferon-Gamma Release Assay, skrining tuberkulosis, tuberkulosis laten
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