INFLUENCE OF BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS ON ADAPTIVE COPING STRATEGIES AMONG COVID-19 SURVIVORS IN SURAKARTA
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has unleashed a profound psychological crisis, markedly increasing rates of depression, anxiety, loneliness, and PTSD, especially among young adults, women, racialized communities, and individuals with lower education and income. Effective coping strategies like positive reframing, humor, and acceptance have been linked to improved mental health outcomes, while maladaptive coping correlates with worsening psychosocial symptoms. This study explores the biopsychosocial factors that shape adaptive coping mechanisms in COVID-19 survivors. Using a cross-sectional design and quantitative approach, data were analyzed using logistic regression analysis. The study involved 378 COVID-19 survivors from Surakarta, who completed both online (via Telegram and WhatsApp) and offline questionnaires between November 2022 and January 2023. The sample predominantly consisted of women (73%, n=276) aged 18-40 years (89.7%, n=339), with a high prevalence of adaptive coping mechanisms (97.1%, n=367). Results revealed that gender (p=0.029, B=-1.497), history of mental disorders (p=0.039, B=-2.002), and alcohol/substance use (p=0.027, B=-2.572) had a significant influence on adaptive coping. These findings suggest that gender, mental health history, and substance use as crucial factors influencing adaptive coping among COVID-19 survivors.
Keywords: adaptive coping, biopsychosocial factors, COVID-19 survivors
References
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25. AlHadi AN, Alarabi MA, AlMansoor KM. Mental health and its association with coping strategies and intolerance of uncertainty during the COVID-19 pandemic among the general population in Saudi Arabia: cross-sectional study. BMC Psychiatry. 2021;21(1). doi:10.1186/s12888-021-03370-4
2. Yu P, Zhu J, Zhang Z, Han Y. A familial cluster of infection associated with the 2019 novel coronavirus indicating possible person-to-person transmission during the incubation period. Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2020;221(11):1757-1761. doi:10.1093/infdis/jiaa077
3. Mazza MG, Palladini M, De Lorenzo R, et al. Persistent psychopathology and neurocognitive impairment in COVID-19 survivors: Effect of inflammatory biomarkers at three-month follow-up. Brain Behav Immun. 2021;94:138-147. doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2021.02.021
4. Taquet M, Luciano S, Geddes JR, Harrison PJ. Bidirectional associations between COVID-19 and psychiatric disorder: retrospective cohort studies of 62 354 COVID-19 cases in the USA. Lancet Psychiatry. 2021;8(2):130-140. doi:10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30462-4
5. Manning K, Zvolensky MJ, Garey L, Long LJ, Gallagher MW. The explanatory role of fatigue severity in the relation between COVID-19 perceived stress and depression, anxiety, and panic severity. Cogn Behav Ther. 2022;51(2):89-99. doi:10.1080/16506073.2021.1874503
6. Mazza MG, Palladini M, De Lorenzo R, et al. One-year mental health outcomes in a cohort of COVID-19 survivors. J Psychiatr Res. 2022;145:118-124. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.11.031
7. Chankasingh K, Booth A, Albert A, et al. Coping during the COVID-19 pandemic: A mixed methods approach to understand how social factors influence coping ability. Heliyon. 2022;8(10). doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10880
8. Muslimah AH, Prihatin Idris F, Asrina A. Emotional Focused Coping on COVID-19 Survivors During Isolation in a Rural Area in Indonesia. Journal of Aafiyah Health Research (JAHR) 2021. 2(2):14-20. doi:10.52103/jahr.v2i2.590
9. Gurvich C, Thomas N, Thomas EHX, et al. Coping styles and mental health in response to societal changes during the COVID-19 pandemic. International Journal of Social Psychiatry. 2021;67(5):540-549. doi:10.1177/0020764020961790
10. Gerhold L, Wahl S, Kröling S, et al. COVID-19: Risk Perception and Coping Strategies. Results from a Survey in Germany.
11. Fridolin Simak V. Tingkat Pengetahuan Dan Strategi Koping Masyarakat Indonesia Menghadapi Pandemi Covid-19 The Level Of Knowledge And Coping Strategies Of Indonesian Facing The COVID-19 Pandemic. Jurnal Ilmiah Keperawatan Imelda. 2020;6(2). http://jurnal.uimedan.ac.id/index.php/JURNALKEPERAWATAN
12. Javed S, Parveen H. Adaptive coping strategies used by people during coronavirus. J Educ Health Promot. 2021;10(1). doi:10.4103/jehp.jehp_522_20
13. Humayun A, Khan MA. Journal of Arts and Social Sciences Dwelling in Shelter Homes: Personality Dispositions, Coping Mechanisms and Depression. https://ojs.jass.pk
14. Mazza C, Ricci E, Biondi S, et al. A nationwide survey of psychological distress among italian people during the covid-19 pandemic: Immediate psychological responses and associated factors. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(9). doi:10.3390/ijerph17093165
15. Gu M, Woo H, Sok S. Factors influencing coping skills of middle-aged adults in COVID-19, South Korea. Front Public Health. 2024;12. doi:10.3389/fpubh.2024.1248472
16. Alabi DL, Alao OT, Famakinwa M, Ogunleke TR. Gender Assessment of Coping Strategies Adopted by Rural Households During Economic Recession: A Case of Osun State, Nigeria. Contemporary Agriculture. 2020;69(3-4):81-89. doi:10.2478/contagri-2020-0011
17. Becker R. Gender and Survey Participation. An Event History Analysis of the Gender Effects of Survey Participation in a Probability-based Multi-wave Panel Study with a Sequential Mixed-mode Design. Methods, Data, Analyses. 2022;16(1):3-32. doi:10.12758/mda.2021.08
18. Rodriguez-Vega B, Palao Á, Muñoz-Sanjose A, et al. Implementation of a Mindfulness-Based Crisis Intervention for Frontline Healthcare Workers During the COVID-19 Outbreak in a Public General Hospital in Madrid, Spain. Front Psychiatry. 2020;11. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.562578
19. Lai AY kwan, Sit SM man, Lai TT kwan, et al. Facemask Wearing Among Chinese International Students From Hong Kong Studying in United Kingdom Universities During COVID-19: A Mixed Method Study. Front Psychiatry. 2021;12. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.673531
20. Kamaludin K, Chinna K, Sundarasen S, et al. Coping with COVID-19 and movement control order (MCO): experiences of university students in Malaysia. Heliyon. 2020;6(11). doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05339
21. Eid RS, Gobinath AR, Galea LAM. Sex differences in depression: Insights from clinical and preclinical studies. Prog Neurobiol.Elsevier Ltd. 2019;176:86-102. doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2019.01.006
22. Stanton AM, Batchelder AW, Kirakosian N, et al. Differences in mental health symptom severity and care engagement among transgender and gender diverse individuals: Findings from a large community health center. PLoS One. 2021;16(1 January). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0245872
23. Brotto LA, Chankasingh K, Baaske A, et al. The influence of sex, gender, age, and ethnicity on psychosocial factors and substance use throughout phases of the COVID-19 pandemic. PLoS One. 2021;16(11 November). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0259676
24. Minahan J, Falzarano F, Yazdani N, Siedlecki KL. The COVID-19 Pandemic and Psychosocial Outcomes Across Age Through the Stress and Coping Framework. Gerontologist. 2021;61(2):228-239. doi:10.1093/geront/gnaa205
25. AlHadi AN, Alarabi MA, AlMansoor KM. Mental health and its association with coping strategies and intolerance of uncertainty during the COVID-19 pandemic among the general population in Saudi Arabia: cross-sectional study. BMC Psychiatry. 2021;21(1). doi:10.1186/s12888-021-03370-4
Published
2025-12-31
How to Cite
PRAMULAWATI, Devi Anggraeni; FANANI, Mohammad; SETYANINGRUM, Rohmaningtyas Hidayah.
INFLUENCE OF BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS ON ADAPTIVE COPING STRATEGIES AMONG COVID-19 SURVIVORS IN SURAKARTA.
Medika Kartika : Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan, [S.l.], v. 8, n. 4, p. 378-388, dec. 2025.
ISSN 2655-6537.
Available at: <http://medikakartika.unjani.ac.id/medikakartika/index.php/mk/article/view/1065>. Date accessed: 07 jan. 2026.
Section
Articles
