EVALUATION OF ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY AND TOXICITY OF CHRYSANTHEMUM FLOWER (Chrysanthemum morifolium) EXTRACT
Abstract
The increasing trend of air pollution has worsened the air quality and deteriorated human health. This situation subsequently causes the accumulation of free radicals, leading to oxidative stress, and eventually the emergence of various diseasessuch as. respiratory and degenerative disorders. Indonesia is home to a wide variety of plantsthat may posses medicinal beneficial and efficacy. Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium) is one of the most commonly found flowers and is known to containphytochemicals. Therefore, this research aimed to determine the antioxidant activity and toxicity level of Chrysanthemum morifolium flower extract. In brief, chrysanthemum flowers were dried and extracted, screened for phytochemical content, and tested for antioxidant activity using the Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) methods. Toxicity assay was determined using the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test. The results showed that the chrysanthemum ectract contained several phytochemicals, including alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, betacyanins, and phenolics.The antioxidant activity test yielded an IC50 value of 11.13 μg/mL, inidicating a very strong antioxidant activity. Meanwhile the toxicity test showed an LC50 value of 15.49 μg/mL. In conclusion, chrysanthemum flowers exhibit very strong antioxidant activity and have potential as an antimitotic agent.
Keywords: antioxidant, chrysanthemum flower, phytochemicals, toxicity assay
References
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2. Adiyasa MR, Meiyanti M. Pemanfaatan obat tradisional di Indonesia: distribusi dan faktor demografis yang berpengaruh. J Biomedika dan Kesehat. 2021;4(3):130–8.
3. Han AR, Nam B, Kim BR, Lee KC, Song BS, Kim SH, et al. Phytochemical composition and antioxidant activities of two different color chrysanthemum flower teas. Molecules. 2019;24(2):1–14.
4. Sharma N, Radha, Kumar M, Kumari N, Puri S, Rais N, et al. Phytochemicals, therapeutic benefits and applications of chrysanthemum flower: A review. Heliyon. 2023;9(10):e20232.
5. Li Y, Yang P, Luo Y, Gao B, Sun J, Lu W, et al. Chemical compositions of chrysanthemum teas and their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Food Chem. 2019;286(December 2018):8–16.
6. Yang L, Nuerbiye A, Cheng P, Wang JH, Li H. Analysis of floral volatile components and antioxidant activity of different varieties of chrysanthemum morifolium. Molecules. 2017;22(10):1–14.
7. Yuan Q, Fu Y, Xiang PY, Zhao L, Wang SP, Zhang Q, et al. Structural characterization, antioxidant activity, and antiglycation activity of polysaccharides from different chrysanthemum teas. RSC Adv. 2019;9(61):35443–51.
8. Warsi, Sholichah AR. Phytochemical screening and antioxidant activity of ethanolic extract and ethyl acetate fraction from basil leaf (Ocimum basilicum L.) by DPPH radical scavenging method. IOP Conf Ser Mater Sci Eng. 2017;259(1).
9. De Silva GO, Abeysundara AT, Aponso MMW. Extraction methods, qualitative and quantitative techniques for screening of phytochemicals from plants. Am J Essent Oils Nat Prod. 2017;5(2):29–32.
10. Muthmainah B. Skrining Fitokimia Senyawa Metabolit Sekunder sari Ekstrak Etanol Buah Delima (Punica granatum L.) sengan Metode Uji Warna. Media Farm. 2019;13(2):36.
11. Rao UM, Abdurrazak M, Mohd KS. Phytochemical Screening, Total Flavonoid and Phenolic Content Assays of Various Solvent Extracts of Tepal Of Musa paradisiaca. Malaysian J Anal Sci. 2016 Oct 11;20(5):1181–90.
12. Melati M, Parbuntari H. Screening Fitokimia Awal (Analisis Qualitative) Pada Daun Gambir (Uncaria Gambir Roxb) Asal Siguntur Muda. J Period Jur Kim UNP. 2022;11(3):88.
13. Utami YP, Jariah A, Mustarin R. Determination of UV-Vis Spectrophotometry with Differential pH on Total Anthocyanin Levels of Ethanol Extract of Cordyline fruticosa (L.) A. Cheval Leaves. Pharm Reports. 2023;2(1):10–4.
14. Pallawagau M, Yanti NA, Jahiding M, Kadidae LO, Asis WA, Hamid FH. Penentuan Kandungan Fenolik Total Liquid Volatile Matter dari Pirolisis Kulit Buah Kakao dan Uji Aktivitas Antifungi terhadap Fusarium oxysporum. Alchemy J Penelit Kim. 2019;15(1):165.
15. Al-Owaisi M, Al-Hadiwi N, Khan SA. GC-MS analysis, determination of total phenolics, flavonoid content and free radical scavenging activities of various crude extracts of Moringa peregrina (Forssk.) Fiori leaves. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. 2014;4(12):964–70.
16. Benzie IFF, Devaki M. The ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) assay for non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity: Concepts, procedures, limitations and applications. Meas Antioxid Act Capacit Recent Trends Appl. 2017;77–106.
17. Waghulde S, Kale MK, Patil V. Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay of the Aqueous and Ethanolic Extracts of the Selected Species of Medicinal Plants. 2020;2:47.
18. Shaikh JR, Patil M. Qualitative tests for preliminary phytochemical screening: An overview. Int J Chem Stud. 2020;8(2):603–8.
19. Rawung FT, Karauwan FA, Pareta DN, Palandi RR. Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Formulasi Sediaan Salep Ekstrak Daun Krisan Chrysanthemum morifolium Terhadap Bakteri Staphylococcus aureus. Biofarmasetikal Trop. 2020;3(2):8–16.
20. Dias MC, Pinto DCGA, Silva AMS. Plant flavonoids: Chemical characteristics and biological activity. Molecules. 2021;26(17):1–16.
21. Liu YH, Mou X, Zhou DY, Zhou DY, Shou CM. Extraction of flavonoids from Chrysanthemum morifolium and antitumor activity in vitro. Exp Ther Med. 2018;15(2):1203–10.
22. Mayda Mahera K, Salsabila Firdausia R. Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Etanol Bunga Krisan (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat) dengan Metode DPPH: Fraksi Larut Air, Etil Asetat, n-Heksan dari Varietas lamet dan sheena. J Mandala Pharmacon Indones. 2023;9(2):179–88.
23. Doan TTM, Tran GH, Nguyen TK, Lim JH, Lee S. Antioxidant activity of different cultivars of Chrysanthemum morifolium and quantitative analysis of phenolic compounds by HPLC/UV. Appl Biol Chem. 2024;67(1).
24. Shah P, Modi HA. Comparative Study of DPPH, ABTS and FRAP Assays for Determination of Antioxidant Activity. Int J Res Appl Sci Eng Technol. 2015;3(6):636–41.
25. Vorobjeva N V., Pinegin B V. Effects of the antioxidants Trolox, Tiron and Tempol on neutrophil extracellular trap formation. Immunobiology. 2016;221(2):208–19.
26. Budaraga IK, Putra DP. Analysis antioxidant IC50 liquid smoke of cocoa skin with several purification methods. IOP Conf Ser Earth Environ Sci. 2021;757(1).
27. Sukweenadhi J, Yunita O, Setiawan F, Kartini, Siagian MT, Danduru AP, et al. Antioxidant activity screening of seven Indonesian herbal extract. Biiodiversitas. 2020;21(5):2062–7.
28. Lu Q, Wang S, Xue S, Yang D, Li L. Effects of drying methods on phenolic components in different parts of Chrysanthemum morifolium flower. J Food Process Preserv. 2020;44(12):1–10.
29. Zehiroglu C, Ozturk Sarikaya SB. The importance of antioxidants and place in today’s scientific and technological studies. J Food Sci Technol. 2019;56(11):4757–74.
30. Zhan G, Long M, Shan K, Xie C, Yang R. Antioxidant Effect of Chrysanthemum morifolium (Chuju) Extract on H2 O2-Treated L-O2 Cells as Revealed by LC/MS-Based Metabolic Profiling. Antioxidants. 2022;11(6).
31. Zakwan M, Sutriana A, Nurliana, Asmilia N, Ammar M, Novianti AN. Toxicity Test of Flavonoid Compounds from Ethyl Acetate Extract of Malacca Leaves with Brine Shrimp Lethality Test. J Med Vet. 2023;6(3):326–30.
32. Hassan E, Abdelsalam H, Ismail H, Sayed H, Mahmoud H. Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Potential of Chrysanthemum Morifolium and Convolvulus Arvensis Extracts: a Promising Source of Bioactive Compounds for Medicinal Applications. Minia J Agric Res Dev. 2023;43(4):621–37.
Published
2025-12-31
How to Cite
MALANO, Zahra Khoirunissa; HENDRAWAN, Siufui; FERDINAL, Frans.
EVALUATION OF ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY AND TOXICITY OF CHRYSANTHEMUM FLOWER (Chrysanthemum morifolium) EXTRACT.
Medika Kartika : Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan, [S.l.], v. 8, n. 4, p. 366-377, dec. 2025.
ISSN 2655-6537.
Available at: <http://medikakartika.unjani.ac.id/medikakartika/index.php/mk/article/view/1037>. Date accessed: 07 jan. 2026.
Section
Articles
